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European Union Politics
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Calculation, Community and Cues

Public Opinion on European Integration

Liesbet Hooghe

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Nethlands, hooghe{at}unc.edu

Gary Marks

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Netherlands, marks{at}unc.edu

This article summarizes and extends the main lines of theorizing on public opinion on European integration. We test theories of economic calculus and communal identity in a multi-level analysis of Eurobarometer data. Both economic calculus and communal identity are influential, but the latter is stronger than the former. We theorize how the political consequences of identity are contested and shaped - that is to say, politically cued - in national contexts. The more national elites are divided, the more citizens are cued to oppose European integration, and this effect is particularly pronounced among citizens who see themselves as exclusively national. A model that synthesizes economic, identity, and cue theory explains around one-quarter of variation at the individual level and the bulk of variation at the national and party levels.

Key Words: cueing • European integration • identity • political economy • public opinion

European Union Politics, Vol. 6, No. 4, 419-443 (2005)
DOI: 10.1177/1465116505057816
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